备考专升本新的一天
继续夯实基础
今天带来的干货是形容词-副词
背起来!
形容词
形容词时描述人和事物的特征,性质,属性或状态的一种开放性词类。它主要用来修饰名词或代词,一般至于所修饰的名词之前,多数形容词有比较级以及独特的后缀。
01作定语
①前置定语
多个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序: 限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,数词等)+ 一般描绘性形容词+表示大小,长短,高低,形状的形容词+表示年龄,新旧的形容词+表示颜色的形容词+表示国际,地区,出处的形容词+表示物质,材料的形容词+表示类别,用途的形容词+名词
the first beautiful little white chinese stone bridge
a large black wooden box
②后置定语
a,形容词修饰由some- any-every-, no等和body, one, thing 等组成的符合不定代词时, 须后置。
would you like something hot to drink ?
richard doesn’t like anything grey.
b,由前缀a-构成的形容词,即表语形容词,
如asleep, alike, alive, alone 等, 修饰名词时, 须后置。
he is the happiest man alive.
02作表语
形容词可以放在系动词的后面做表语。
a good reputation is valuable.
03作补足语
character must be kept bright as well as clean。
由分词转化而来的形容词
一般情况下, 当主语是人时,表语用过去分词, 当主语是物时, 表语用现在分词。
作定语时,一般情况下,如果所修饰的是人, 用过去分词,如果所修饰的是物, 用现在分词。
the film is exciting.
i was excited after seeing this film
副词
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句,表示时间,地点,程度方式等概念。
1.副词的句法功能
(1), 作状语
the accident happened chiefly because you were careless.
(2), 作表语
positive ideas are everywhere.
(3), 作补足语
only struggle can help us out.
2,副词的排列顺序
方式副词—-地点副词——时间副词
she sang beautifully in the hall last night.
形容词,副词的比较等级及其用法
1、形容词和副词的原级比较
she is as beautiful as mary.
he works as hard as she.
he is not as tall as i.
he doesn’t work so hard as she.
2、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1).单音节词如:
small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
双音节词如:
clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2).以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
如:
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3).在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
(4).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
(5).其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;如:
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:
(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.例句:the sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示”非常”.
it is a most important problem.
it is a very important problem.
(6).有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记;
如:
good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
3、形容词,副词的比较级用法
wisdom is more precious than wealth
imagination is more important than knowledge.
4、形容词,副词的最高级用法
this is the best picture in the hall.
he is the oldest in the class.
he works the hardest among us.
5, 倍数的表达方式
(1) a+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than +b.
this hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
这个大厅比我们教室大五倍,也就是说这个大厅是我们教室的六倍。
(2) a+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as +b.
asia is four times as large as europe.
亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
the plane flew ten times as high as the kite.
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